1 00:03:50,170 --> 00:03:51,170 >> [ MUSIC ] 2 00:03:51,170 --> 00:03:52,170 >> GOOD MORNING. 3 00:03:52,170 --> 00:03:57,530 WELCOME TO GOODARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER IN MARYLAND. 4 00:03:57,530 --> 00:04:00,280 WE'RE LIVE FROM THE ROBOTIC OPERATION CENTER WHERE NASA IS 5 00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:03,420 DEVELOPING SOME THE TECHNOLOGIST NEEDED FOR THE ASTEROID REDIRECT 6 00:04:03,420 --> 00:04:05,820 MISSION AM OR ARM. 7 00:04:05,820 --> 00:04:08,460 YOU JUST SAW A SHORT MISSION HIGHLIGHTING THE MISSION AND WE 8 00:04:08,460 --> 00:04:12,210 HAVE SOME SPECIAL GUESTS TO TELL US WHAT ARM IS, HOW IT WILL 9 00:04:12,210 --> 00:04:15,330 ENABLE OUR JOURNEY TO MARS AND HOW TO PROTECT OUR PLANET. 10 00:04:15,330 --> 00:04:19,850 OUR FIRST GUEST IS THE PRESIDENT SCIENCE ADVISER DR.†JOHN P. 11 00:04:19,850 --> 00:04:22,170 HOLGREN. 12 00:04:22,170 --> 00:04:26,550 NASA ADMINISTRATOR CHARLES BOLDEN AND ARMED PROGRAM 13 00:04:26,550 --> 00:04:29,100 DIRECTOR, MICHELLE GATES. 14 00:04:29,100 --> 00:04:31,099 FIRST WE WILL HEAR SOME REMARKS FROM MR.†BOLDEN. 15 00:04:31,099 --> 00:04:39,389 >> I WANTED TO PUT THE ARM MISSION IN CONTEXT OF THE 16 00:04:39,389 --> 00:04:42,440 PRESIDENT'S AND NASA'S VISION FOR EXPANDING THE HUMAN 17 00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:43,810 EXPLORATION OF SPACE. 18 00:04:43,810 --> 00:04:48,280 THE VISION IS AMBITIOUS, COHERENT, SYSTEMATIC AND HAS 19 00:04:48,280 --> 00:04:50,200 FOUR MAJOR PIECES. 20 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:54,840 THE FIRST PIECE OF THAT STRATEGY IS WORKING WITH THE PRIVATE 21 00:04:54,840 --> 00:04:59,320 SECTOR, WORKING WITH INDUSTRY TO DEVELOP THE MOST COST-EFFECTIVE 22 00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:02,910 CAPACITIES TO EXPAND OUR PRESENCE IN SPACE THAT WE 23 00:05:02,910 --> 00:05:04,190 POSSIBLY CAN. 24 00:05:04,190 --> 00:05:07,940 THE SECOND COMPONENT IS DEVELOPING THE NEW INNOVATIVE 25 00:05:07,940 --> 00:05:11,540 ADVANCE TECHOLOGIST THAT WILL BE NEEDED TO TAKE US ALL THE WAY TO 26 00:05:11,540 --> 00:05:13,710 MARS AND BEYOND. 27 00:05:13,710 --> 00:05:17,070 THAT INVOLVES IN SPACE REFUELLING, IT INVOLVES HABITAT 28 00:05:17,070 --> 00:05:20,340 DEVELOPMENT, IT INVOLVES HOW TO PROTECT ASTRONAUTS ON THE LONG 29 00:05:20,340 --> 00:05:21,340 MISSIONS. 30 00:05:21,340 --> 00:05:24,370 IT INVOLVES THE ADVANCE PROPULSION AND MUCH MORE. 31 00:05:24,370 --> 00:05:29,400 THE THIRD ELEMENT OF THE STRATEGY IS EXTENDING THE USE OF 32 00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:33,000 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION INTO THE MID 2020 SO IT COULD 33 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:36,590 CONTINUE TO SERVE AS A TEST BED FOR SOME OF THE ADVANCED 34 00:05:36,590 --> 00:05:40,560 TECHNOLOGYIES AND JUMPING ON POINT AS WELL AS THE SCIENTIFIC 35 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:44,590 PLATFORM AND EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM AND EVEN A DIPLOMATIC 36 00:05:44,590 --> 00:05:45,850 PLATFORM. 37 00:05:45,850 --> 00:05:51,210 THE FOURTH COMPONENT IS A SET OF MISSIONS OF INCREASING AMBITION 38 00:05:51,210 --> 00:05:55,220 TAKING HUMANS FURTHER AND FURTHER INTO SPACE BEYOND, WAY 39 00:05:55,220 --> 00:05:57,180 BEYOND LOWER EARTH ORBIT. 40 00:05:57,180 --> 00:06:00,580 WHAT WE WILL BE DOING NEXT IS SETTING OPERATIONS IN A STABLE 41 00:06:00,580 --> 00:06:04,599 ORBIT AROUND THE MOON WHICH IS THE MOST CENTRAL JUMPING OFF 42 00:06:04,599 --> 00:06:08,180 POINT FOR A MARS MISSION AS OPPOSE TO THE SURFACE OF THE 43 00:06:08,180 --> 00:06:12,710 MOON, YOU DON'T IS TO SPEND THE ENERGY TO LIFT THE PAYLOAD BACK 44 00:06:12,710 --> 00:06:14,040 TO EARTH'S GRAVITY. 45 00:06:14,040 --> 00:06:19,530 THIS IS A CONCLUSION THAT HAS LOOKED CAREFULLY AT THE DYNAMICS 46 00:06:19,530 --> 00:06:21,730 OF GETTING TO MARS. 47 00:06:21,730 --> 00:06:24,620 YOU DO IT FROM A JUMPING OUT POINT IN STABLE AND AROUND THE 48 00:06:24,620 --> 00:06:25,620 MOON. 49 00:06:25,620 --> 00:06:30,560 THE ARM MISSION EXPLOIT AND WILL EXPLOIT A WHOLE VARIETY OF 50 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:35,630 TECHNOLOGYIES THAT COME TOGETHER TO ADVANCE OUR PROGRESS TOWARDS 51 00:06:40,110 --> 00:06:36,630 THE MOON. 52 00:06:40,110 --> 00:06:43,840 ANOTHER IS THE COMBINATION OF ROBOTIC CAPABILITIES THAT WILL 53 00:06:43,840 --> 00:06:47,490 PULL A BOLDER FROM AN ASTEROID AND BRING IT TO THE ORBIT AND 54 00:06:47,490 --> 00:06:50,910 THE HUMAN CAPABILITIES, THE JUDGMENT, ON THE SPOT DECISION 55 00:06:50,910 --> 00:06:55,270 MAKING ONLY HUMANS COULD DELIVER. 56 00:06:55,270 --> 00:06:58,470 THE DEMONSTRATION OF THE ADVANCED ELECTRIC PROPULSION 57 00:06:58,470 --> 00:07:05,000 CAPABILITIES THAT WILL BE ABLE TO REACH THE ASTEROID AND BRING 58 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:07,039 A BOLDER BACK FROM IT. 59 00:07:07,039 --> 00:07:10,159 AND THE OTHER BENEFITS OF THE MISSION WHICH IS JUST 60 00:07:10,159 --> 00:07:14,080 EXTRAORDINARY INCLUDES DEMONSTRATING CAPABILITIES THAT 61 00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:18,380 ULTIMATELY WE NEED TO DEFLECT AN ASTEROID IN A COLLISION COURSE 62 00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:19,470 ON THE EARTH. 63 00:07:19,470 --> 00:07:24,520 THIS IS A HAZARD, 65 MILLION YEARS AGO THE DINOSAURS 64 00:07:24,520 --> 00:07:26,260 SUCCUMBED TO. 65 00:07:26,260 --> 00:07:28,560 WE HAVE TO BE SMARTER THAN THE DINOSAURS 66 00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:33,210 THEY WENT EXTENT WHEN THE LARGE DINOSAUR HIT THE YUCATAN 67 00:07:33,210 --> 00:07:35,030 PENINSULA. 68 00:07:35,030 --> 00:07:43,580 WE WILL GET BETTER IN IDENTIFYING DANGEROUS ASTEROID, 69 00:07:43,580 --> 00:07:48,310 LEARNING HOW TO DEFLECT THEM AND WE'LL LEARN IN ADDITION HOW TO 70 00:07:48,310 --> 00:07:54,150 EXPLOIT HOW TO EXPLOIT ASTEROIDS COMMERCIALLY. 71 00:07:54,150 --> 00:07:59,380 THEY WILL ULTIMATELY BE VALUABLE SOURCES OF MATERIALS FOR 72 00:07:59,380 --> 00:08:03,469 LONG-TERM EXISTENCE OF HUMANS IN SPACE. 73 00:08:03,469 --> 00:08:07,680 PRESIDENT OBAMA SAID WE'RE GOING TO SPACE NOT ONLY TO VISIT BUT 74 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:08,800 TO STAY. 75 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:12,380 AND THE ASTEROID MISSION IS THE NEXT IMPORTANT STEP ON THAT 76 00:08:12,380 --> 00:08:13,380 TRAJECTORY. 77 00:08:13,380 --> 00:08:14,380 >> EXCELLENT. 78 00:08:14,380 --> 00:08:15,380 THANK YOU, SIR. 79 00:08:15,380 --> 00:08:17,110 WE WILL NOW HEAR FROM ADMINISTRATOR BOLDEN. 80 00:08:17,110 --> 00:08:22,479 >> THANK YOU FOR COMING OUT ON THIS SPECIAL DAY. 81 00:08:22,479 --> 00:08:23,479 IT'S A FULL DAY. 82 00:08:23,479 --> 00:08:26,870 I WANT TO THANK MICHELLE GATES FOR THE ASTEROID REDIRECT 83 00:08:26,870 --> 00:08:28,370 MISSION. 84 00:08:28,370 --> 00:08:32,260 AS I SAID, WE WILL TALK A LITTLE BIT BRIEFLY ABOUT THE OVERVIEW 85 00:08:32,260 --> 00:08:33,950 OF THE MISSION, A LITTLE DETAILS. 86 00:08:33,950 --> 00:08:36,469 THEN THE BIG PART OF THE DAY IS THIS AFTERNOON, WHEN THE 87 00:08:36,469 --> 00:08:41,020 INDUSTRY IS ALLOWED TO COME IN AND SPEND A LITTLE TIME WITH US. 88 00:08:41,020 --> 00:08:43,479 THEY HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH US FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS. 89 00:08:43,479 --> 00:08:47,330 THIS IS THE PIECE OF RESISTANCE WHEN WE BRING AND ACTUALLY LOOK 90 00:08:47,330 --> 00:08:48,330 UP THE MARKUPS. 91 00:08:48,330 --> 00:08:56,180 AND I WANT TO THANK CHRIS TELLIS FOR NOT ONLY HOSTING OR 92 00:08:56,180 --> 00:09:03,110 ESTABLISHING, BUT HOSTING THIS PARTICULAR PROGRAM. 93 00:09:03,110 --> 00:09:05,780 ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS ACTUALLY AROUND THE WORLD HAVE 94 00:09:05,780 --> 00:09:09,350 BEEN INVOLVED IN THINKING ABOUT THIS FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS. 95 00:09:09,350 --> 00:09:13,830 DR.†HOLDEN SAID WE WANT TO BE SMARTER THAN THE DINOSAUR. 96 00:09:13,830 --> 00:09:19,410 IN NASA WE TRY TO TAKE A STEP BY STEP INCREMENTAL APPROACH TO BE 97 00:09:19,410 --> 00:09:21,550 ABLE TO GET HUMANS TO MARS. 98 00:09:21,550 --> 00:09:25,670 IF YOU LOOK AT HOW WE'VE ARRANGED IT, WE HAVE†-- I 99 00:09:25,670 --> 00:09:28,520 CONSIDER THEM ZONES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 100 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:33,300 AND THOSE ZONES ARE ACTUALLY, YOU KNOW, WHERE WE LIVE TODAY. 101 00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:35,399 WE LIVE AND WORK INTO NEAR ORBIT. 102 00:09:35,399 --> 00:09:39,279 WE'VE BEEN IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION FOR ALMOST 16 103 00:09:39,279 --> 00:09:40,279 YEARS. 104 00:09:40,279 --> 00:09:43,060 WE'VE LEARNED A LOT AND THERE'S A LOT TO BE LEARNED AS 105 00:09:43,060 --> 00:09:44,710 DR.†HOLDEN MENTIONED. 106 00:09:44,710 --> 00:09:49,399 THE OTHER THING, THE NEXT AREA WE WANT TO GO IS BACK TO THE 107 00:09:49,399 --> 00:09:51,720 LUNAR VICINITY. 108 00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:55,070 WHEN WE'RE WORKING ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, WE 109 00:09:55,070 --> 00:09:57,600 JUST CALL THAT THE EARTH-RELIANT PHASE. 110 00:09:57,600 --> 00:09:59,280 WE RELY ON OUR HOME PLANET. 111 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:03,790 WE'RE HOURS AWAY SO WE CAN GET SUPPLIES, WE CAN RESCUE CREWS, 112 00:10:03,790 --> 00:10:05,080 WE CAN DO LOTS OF THINGS. 113 00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:07,779 WE WANT TO NEXT MOVE WHERE WE'RE A LITTLE MORE DISTANT. 114 00:10:07,779 --> 00:10:13,720 IN THAT PARTICULAR CASE, WHAT WE CALL THE VICINITY AROUND THE 115 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:15,680 MOON, WE'RE GOING TO BE A COUPLE OF DAYS AWAY. 116 00:10:15,680 --> 00:10:18,029 THAT WILL STRETCH OUR CAPABILITIES. 117 00:10:18,029 --> 00:10:23,100 WE WILL HAVE TO FIGURE OUT NEW WAYS TO SUPPLY OURSELVES, TO 118 00:10:23,100 --> 00:10:26,630 TEST THE TECHNOLOGYIES THAT ARE NECESSARY WHEN WE FINALLY TAKE 119 00:10:26,630 --> 00:10:30,190 THE BIG STEP TO GO WITH HUMANS OUT TO MARS. 120 00:10:30,190 --> 00:10:34,220 SO TIMEWISE, WE'VE BEEN WORKING ON THIS EARTH-RELIANT PHASE FOR 121 00:10:34,220 --> 00:10:37,420 ABOUT 50 YEARS, WHEN YOU REALLY GET DOWN TO IT. 122 00:10:37,420 --> 00:10:41,519 WHEN WE MOVE TO THE LUNAR SPACE, THAT'S THE PERIOD OF THE 20. 123 00:10:41,519 --> 00:10:46,830 WHEN YOU GET TO THE 30S, THEN NOW WE'RE GOING TO BE EARTH INT 124 00:10:46,830 --> 00:10:48,900 DEPENDENT. 125 00:10:48,900 --> 00:10:52,300 HUMANS HAVE BEEN DREAMING ABOUT GOING TO MARS AS LONG AS WE'RE 126 00:10:52,300 --> 00:10:54,930 LOOKING AT THE SKY. 127 00:10:54,930 --> 00:10:56,910 WE'RE FINALLY ALMOST THERE. 128 00:10:56,910 --> 00:10:59,160 SOME OF US COULD TASTE IT. 129 00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:02,550 WHEN WE MOVE TO MARS, THAT'S WHAT WE CALL THE HEALTH 130 00:11:02,550 --> 00:11:03,700 INDEPENDENCE STAGE. 131 00:11:03,700 --> 00:11:08,980 WE WILL HAVE TO TAKE STUFF, MAKE IT ON THE WAY OR MAKE IT WHEN WE 132 00:11:08,980 --> 00:11:11,310 GET TO THE MARS SURFACE. 133 00:11:11,310 --> 00:11:14,390 THOSE ARE THE TECHNOLOGYIES THAT DR.†HOLDEN WAS TALKING ABOUT. 134 00:11:14,390 --> 00:11:18,490 WE'RE HE CAN SIGHTED TO†-- EXCITED TO FAULK ABOUT THE 135 00:11:18,490 --> 00:11:20,210 ASTEROID REDIRECT MISSION. 136 00:11:20,210 --> 00:11:25,709 FOR US, HAVING BEEN AN ASTRONAUT BEFORE AND HAVING FOUND OUT THAT 137 00:11:25,709 --> 00:11:28,610 FLYING IN SPACE IS NOT LYING FLYING AN AIRPLANE. 138 00:11:28,610 --> 00:11:35,440 THINGS YOU DO IN AN AIRPLANE, IS DIFFERENT IN SPACE. 139 00:11:35,440 --> 00:11:39,500 WHEN WE GO TO LOW GRAVITY AND NO GRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS, THE WAY 140 00:11:39,500 --> 00:11:43,010 WE'RE GOING TO BE AROUND MOON AND MARS AND OTHER PLACES, WE 141 00:11:43,010 --> 00:11:46,880 HAVE TO TEACH OURSELVES NEW TECHNICIAN. 142 00:11:46,880 --> 00:11:50,060 IN TRYING TO BRING THIS UP TO BRING THE COMMERCIAL ENTERIES, 143 00:11:50,060 --> 00:11:53,870 WE WANT TO DEVELOP TECHOLOGIST AND TECHNIQUES SO WE CAN HAND 144 00:11:53,870 --> 00:11:58,600 OFF TO PRIVATE ENTERPRISES, WHETHER ENTREPRENEUR, ECONOMICS 145 00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:02,630 INDUSTRIES. 146 00:12:02,630 --> 00:12:08,360 THAT'S AN IMPORTANT STEP FOR US TO THE JOURNEY TO MARS. 147 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:12,320 IT WILL GIVE US AN OPPORTUNITY TO SIT OUT IN THE PROVING GROUND 148 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:15,290 AND MAKE SURE THAT WE UNDERSTAND THE KINDS OF THINGS THAT WE NEED 149 00:12:15,290 --> 00:12:18,589 TO DO WHEN WE FINALLY SEND OUR ASTRONAUTS BACK TO MARS. 150 00:12:18,589 --> 00:12:20,290 IT IS AN EXCITING TIME. 151 00:12:20,290 --> 00:12:24,459 YOU KNOW, WE HAVE TO HAVE OUR ACT TOGETHER WHEN WE GO THERE. 152 00:12:24,459 --> 00:12:27,000 HOPEFULLY YOU ALL WILL LEARN WHAT YOU KNEW THAN WHEN YOU 153 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,670 STARTED THIS PROGRAM TODAY AND I'M GOING TO LET YOU TURN IT 154 00:12:30,670 --> 00:12:33,540 OVER TO MICHELLE BECAUSE SHE'S THE EXPERT WITH US AND SHE WILL 155 00:12:33,540 --> 00:12:35,479 GIVE US A LITTLE MORE DETAIL. 156 00:12:35,479 --> 00:12:36,479 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 157 00:12:36,479 --> 00:12:41,040 IT'S AN HONOR TO BE HERE WITH BOTH OF YOU, DR.†HOLDEN. 158 00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:45,010 AND ASTEROID REDIRECT MISSION IS A VITAL STEP IN THE JOURNEY TO 159 00:12:45,010 --> 00:12:46,010 MARS. 160 00:12:46,010 --> 00:12:48,750 IT'S THE PROVING GROUND OF THE LUNAR SPACE. 161 00:12:48,750 --> 00:12:53,149 AS WE MOVE TO THE EARTH RELIANT OPERATION AND LOW EARTH ORBIT TO 162 00:12:53,149 --> 00:12:56,389 THE PROVING GROUND WHERE WE CAN GET OUR ASTRONAUT CREWS WITHIN A 163 00:12:56,389 --> 00:12:58,600 MATTER OF DAYS, IF WE NEED TO. 164 00:12:58,600 --> 00:13:02,810 AND TO EARTH RELIANT STAGE, FOR EXAMPLE, MISSION TO MARS ON THE 165 00:13:02,810 --> 00:13:04,120 SCALE OF YEARS AND DURATION. 166 00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:09,220 THAT'S WHERE THE REDIRECT MISSION REALLY PROVIDES THE 167 00:13:09,220 --> 00:13:14,959 DEMONSTRATION AND AN IMPORTANT INGRATED MISSION OPPORTUNITY AND 168 00:13:14,959 --> 00:13:15,959 LUNAR SPACE. 169 00:13:15,959 --> 00:13:18,610 THERE'S A ROBOTIC MISSION COMPONENT AND CRUDE MISSION 170 00:13:18,610 --> 00:13:19,649 COMPONENT. 171 00:13:19,649 --> 00:13:25,990 THE ROBOTIC HAS A FIRST EVER DEMONSTRATION OF ADVANCE SOLAR 172 00:13:25,990 --> 00:13:30,950 PROPULSION IN MOVING MULTI-TON MASSES TO INTERPLANETARY SPACE. 173 00:13:30,950 --> 00:13:38,529 AND IN ADDITION, WE WILL USE IT TO TRANSIT COUPLE OF YEARS TO A 174 00:13:38,529 --> 00:13:42,910 NEAR EARTH ASTEROID AND ACQUIRE MULTIBOLDER AS YOU MENTIONED, 175 00:13:42,910 --> 00:13:46,029 DR.†HOLDEN, FROM THE SURFACE OF THE ASTEROID. 176 00:13:46,029 --> 00:13:49,720 WE WILL THEN ACTUALLY USE THE GRAVTATIONAL MASS OF THE 177 00:13:49,720 --> 00:13:54,019 MULTI-TON BOLDER AND SPACECRAFT TO ALTER THE TRAJECTORY OF THE 178 00:13:54,019 --> 00:13:55,459 APPARENT ASTEROID. 179 00:13:55,459 --> 00:13:59,740 IN A DEFLECTION FOR THE PLANETARY DEFENSE PURPOSES AS 180 00:13:59,740 --> 00:14:00,999 YOU MENTIONED. 181 00:14:00,999 --> 00:14:06,649 WE'LL USE THE SPACE FLIGHT MISSION TO FERRY THE ASTEROID 182 00:14:06,649 --> 00:14:12,850 MASS BACK TO GRAVTATIONARY POINT TO A LUNAR VICINITY AS YOU 183 00:14:12,850 --> 00:14:14,050 MENTIONED AS WELL. 184 00:14:14,050 --> 00:14:19,959 ABOUT 10 YEARS FROM NOW, OUR ASTEROIDS WILL LAUNCH AN OWE 185 00:14:19,959 --> 00:14:23,300 RYAN CREW CAPSULE, THE NEXT GENERATION SYSTEM UNDER 186 00:14:23,300 --> 00:14:26,740 DEVELOPMENT NOW BY THE AGENCY THAT WE'LL BE TESTING WITH OUR 187 00:14:26,740 --> 00:14:31,870 CREWS 5-7 YEARS, IF MY MEMORY SERVES. 188 00:14:31,870 --> 00:14:36,450 10 YEARS FROM NOW, OUR CREW WILL TRANSIT THE SEVERAL DAY TRIP TO 189 00:14:36,450 --> 00:14:41,370 THE ASTEROID BOWL BOLDER, MULTITON MASS, RENDEZVOUS WITH 190 00:14:41,370 --> 00:14:46,700 IT AND SELECT, EXTRACT AND RETURN SAMPLES IN THE O RYAN 191 00:14:46,700 --> 00:14:51,240 CAPSULES BACK TO EARTH >> GREAT, THANK YOU ALL. 192 00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:57,339 YOU DID A GREAT JOB TORE DESCRIBING TO US WHY THE 193 00:14:57,339 --> 00:15:07,610 ASTEROID >> AND IT LANDS AS AN EARLY 194 00:15:07,610 --> 00:15:10,269 MISSION, INSIST LUNAR SPACE. 195 00:15:10,269 --> 00:15:14,149 IT'S ABOUT 25 DAYS TO A MONTH IN DURATION. 196 00:15:14,149 --> 00:15:18,410 IT'S A SIGNIFICANT DURATION FOR OUR ASTRONAUT CREWS IN THE MID 197 00:15:18,410 --> 00:15:19,410 2020'S. 198 00:15:19,410 --> 00:15:22,320 THE ROBOTIC MISSION JUST RECEIVED APPROVAL FOR PHASE B, 199 00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:29,130 THE PHASE DEVELOPMENT IN WHICH WE BASELINE A MISSION DESIGN, 200 00:15:29,130 --> 00:15:32,259 INCLUDING SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TRAJECTORY DESIGN, ORBITAL 201 00:15:32,259 --> 00:15:37,240 MECHANICS, MISSION DURATION AND ALL THE TECHNICAL PARAMETERS 202 00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:40,870 THAT DEFINE THE SPACECRAFT MISSION. 203 00:15:40,870 --> 00:15:46,690 THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW AND BASELINE IS PLANNED FOR LATE 204 00:15:46,690 --> 00:15:51,860 IN 2017 AND THEN A FOLLOW ON APPROVAL AT THE AGENCY LEVEL FOR 205 00:15:51,860 --> 00:15:53,639 MARCH OF 2018. 206 00:15:53,639 --> 00:15:56,199 THERE ARE MANY SYSTEMS UNDER PROTO TYPES INCLUDING THE ONE 207 00:15:56,199 --> 00:15:59,330 YOU SEE BEHIND US, THE ROBOTIC SYSTEMS FORECAPTURE. 208 00:15:59,330 --> 00:16:05,199 THE SPACECRAFT DEVELOPMENT IS WITH ONGOING INDUSTRY TO A LEVER 209 00:16:05,199 --> 00:16:08,100 RAJ COMMERCIAL CAPABILITIES THAT THE INDUSTRY COULD PROVIDE AS 210 00:16:08,100 --> 00:16:12,839 WELL AS THE PATH FOR INDUSTRIES OF ADVANCED SOLAR PROPULSION IN 211 00:16:12,839 --> 00:16:13,839 THE FUTURE. 212 00:16:13,839 --> 00:16:14,839 >> THANK YOU, MICHELLE. 213 00:16:14,839 --> 00:16:18,899 >>> DOCTOR HOLDEN YOU TOUCHED ON A LITTLE BIT IN PLANS OF 214 00:16:18,899 --> 00:16:19,899 DEFENSE. 215 00:16:19,899 --> 00:16:22,069 IF YOU THINK ABOUT ASTEROID HEADING TO EARTH, IT SOUNDS LIKE 216 00:16:22,069 --> 00:16:25,899 OUT OF THE MOVIES, ARE WE AS A NATION PREPARED FOR THAT? 217 00:16:25,899 --> 00:16:27,009 >> WE ARE NOT PREPARED. 218 00:16:27,009 --> 00:16:31,079 BUT WE ARE IN A TRAJECTORY TO GET MORE SO. 219 00:16:31,079 --> 00:16:36,369 WE HAVE DEVELOP ADVANCED RESOURCES, TO DETECTING, THAT 220 00:16:36,369 --> 00:16:39,180 COULD BE ON A COLLISION COURSE WITH THE EARTH. 221 00:16:39,180 --> 00:16:42,540 WE HAVE HAD SOME RECENT EXPERIENCES THAT INDICATE HOW 222 00:16:42,540 --> 00:16:44,959 CHALLENGING THAT IS. 223 00:16:44,959 --> 00:16:50,449 IN 2013, A SMALLER ASTEROID EXPLODED OVER SIBERIA WITH THE 224 00:16:50,449 --> 00:16:54,809 FORCE OF ABOUT 400 KILOTONS OR 500 KILOTONS OF TNT. 225 00:16:54,809 --> 00:16:58,170 IT DID A LOT OF DAMAGE ON THE GROUND. 226 00:16:58,170 --> 00:17:02,130 SOMETHING LIKE A THOUSAND PEOPLE WERE INJURED BY FLYING GLASS AND 227 00:17:02,130 --> 00:17:03,130 SO ON. 228 00:17:03,130 --> 00:17:07,589 THAT EXPLOSION WAS IN THE RANGE OF 30 TIMES BIGGER THAN THE 229 00:17:07,589 --> 00:17:10,880 HIROSHIMA NUCLEAR BOMB. 230 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:17,189 WE HAD IN 1908, A MUCH LARGER ASTEROID EXPLOSION AGAIN OVER A 231 00:17:17,189 --> 00:17:18,189 PART OF SIBERIA. 232 00:17:18,189 --> 00:17:22,540 FORTUNATELY, IT DIDN'T OCCUR OVER A HEAVILY POPULATED AREA, 233 00:17:22,540 --> 00:17:26,780 BUT IT EXPLODED WITH THE EQUIVALENT OF MULTIPLE MEGATONS 234 00:17:26,780 --> 00:17:28,960 OF EXPLOSIVE FORCE. 235 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:30,720 WE KNOW THIS HAPPENS. 236 00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:32,320 IT'S RARE. 237 00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:36,350 THE IMPACT THAT IT OCCURRED IN 2013 IS ESTIMATED TO BE A ONE IN 238 00:17:36,350 --> 00:17:37,740 A 100 YEAR EVENT. 239 00:17:37,740 --> 00:17:40,910 THE IMPACT THAT OCCURRED IN 1908, IS ESTIMATED TO HAVE 240 00:17:40,910 --> 00:17:42,990 OCCURRED IN ONE IN A THOUSAND EVENT. 241 00:17:42,990 --> 00:17:48,270 AGAIN, IF WE ARE GOING TO BE A CAPABLE CIVILIZATION AS OUR 242 00:17:48,270 --> 00:17:53,170 TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS, WE NEED TO BE PREPARED FOR EVEN THOSE RARE 243 00:17:53,170 --> 00:17:57,250 EVENTS BECAUSE THEY CAN DO A LOT OF DAMAGE TO THE EARTH. 244 00:17:57,250 --> 00:18:01,090 AND AS PART OF THE PREPARATION, WE HAVE THE PLANETARY DEFENSE 245 00:18:01,090 --> 00:18:03,910 ASPECT OF THE ASTEROID RETREEFL MISSION. 246 00:18:03,910 --> 00:18:06,990 AND I WOULD EMPHASIZE THE AS STROITD RETREVAL SYSTEM MAKES 247 00:18:06,990 --> 00:18:09,170 SENSE IN FIVE DIFFERENT WAYS. 248 00:18:09,170 --> 00:18:13,670 IT MAKES SENSE FOR SCIENCE, FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE 249 00:18:13,670 --> 00:18:17,470 COMPOSITION OF THE ASTEROID AND WHAT THEY CAN TELL US ABOUT THE 250 00:18:17,470 --> 00:18:20,720 ORIGINS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, IT MAKES SENSE OF THE STANDPOINT OF 251 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:23,570 TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION, DEMONSTRATING TECHNOLOGYIES THAT 252 00:18:23,570 --> 00:18:27,210 WE WILL NEED FOR THE MISSION TO MARS, IT MAKES SENSE IN TERMS OF 253 00:18:27,210 --> 00:18:32,100 HUMAN OPERATION, IN LUNAR SPACE AND AGAIN THE MOST APPROPRIATE 254 00:18:32,100 --> 00:18:36,360 STEPPING OFF POINT FOR MARS, AND IT MAKES SENSE FOR THE 255 00:18:36,360 --> 00:18:41,520 POSSIBILITIES OF USING ASTEROIDS AS SOURCES OF MATERIALS, SOURCES 256 00:18:41,520 --> 00:18:44,620 OF FUEL, SOURCES OF WATER, TO RESUPPLY SPACE MISSIONS AND 257 00:18:44,620 --> 00:18:47,030 ULTIMATELY MEET THE NEEDS ON EARTH. 258 00:18:47,030 --> 00:18:52,580 THIS IS ONE IMPORTANT ASPECT OF IT. 259 00:18:52,580 --> 00:18:54,740 >> UNDERSTOOD, THANK YOU. 260 00:18:54,740 --> 00:18:56,270 >>> ADMINISTRATOR BOLDEN. 261 00:18:56,270 --> 00:18:58,700 THE SECOND PAST OF THE MISSION IS TO SEND A CREW TO THE 262 00:18:58,700 --> 00:18:59,700 ASTEROID BOLDER. 263 00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:03,640 YOU COULD TELL US WHERE WE ARE WITH THE SYSTEMS WE'RE SENDING 264 00:19:03,640 --> 00:19:04,640 THERE? 265 00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:07,240 >> WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO TALK ABOUT SOME OF THEM THIS 266 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:08,240 AFTERNOON. 267 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:13,460 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE ARE VERY PROUD OF IS THE FAC THAT WE 268 00:19:13,460 --> 00:19:14,990 HAVE THE S.O.S. 269 00:19:14,990 --> 00:19:20,120 AND THE O RYAN MODULE THAT'S OFF THE CUTTING 270 00:19:20,120 --> 00:19:21,120 BOARD. 271 00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:27,120 WE ACTUALLY FLEW ORYAN BACK IN DECEMBER OF 2014. 272 00:19:27,120 --> 00:19:32,090 A VERY SUCCESSFUL MISSION FURTHER AWAY FROM ETHAN ANY 273 00:19:32,090 --> 00:19:36,200 VEHICLE INTENDED TO CARRY HUMANS IN MORE THAN 40 YEARS. 274 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:40,730 I LOVE TO TELL PEOPLE COME WITH ME TO OUTSIDE OF NEW ORLEANS, 275 00:19:40,730 --> 00:19:44,570 WHERE YOU COULD SEE THE BARREL SECTIONS OF THE MASSIVE SPACE 276 00:19:44,570 --> 00:19:48,280 LAUNCH SYSTEM THAT ARE NOW BEING WIELDED AND ASSEMBLES. 277 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:50,300 WE WILL FLY THE TEST FLIGHT OF S.O.S. 278 00:19:50,300 --> 00:19:53,710 OF ORYAN IN 2018. 279 00:19:53,710 --> 00:19:58,300 THAT WILL BE AN OUTMISSION AND ORBIT. 280 00:19:58,300 --> 00:20:02,540 AND IN THE EARLY 2020'S, WE WILL PUT A CREW ON BOARD AND FLY THAT 281 00:20:02,540 --> 00:20:03,770 PARTICULAR MISSION. 282 00:20:03,770 --> 00:20:07,880 IN THE MID-20s, WHEN I SAY, MICHELLE AND HER TEAM ARE 283 00:20:07,880 --> 00:20:13,040 SUCCESSFUL IN MOVING THE ASTEROID OR MASS TO LUNAR SPACE 284 00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:17,790 AND A STABLE ORBIT AROUND THE MOON, WE WILL ALLOW A CREW TO 285 00:20:17,790 --> 00:20:20,780 ATTACH THEMSELVES TO THE DEVICE THAT SOME OF YOU COULD SEE 286 00:20:20,780 --> 00:20:21,860 BEHIND ME. 287 00:20:21,860 --> 00:20:26,570 THEY WILL ACTUALLY USE THAT AS AN EXIT WAY ON TO ORYAN TO THE 288 00:20:26,570 --> 00:20:30,940 MASS WHERE THEY CAN DO EXPERIMENTATION ON TECHNOLOGY 289 00:20:30,940 --> 00:20:36,030 DEVELOPMENT AND PROCEDURAL DEVELOPMENT. 290 00:20:36,030 --> 00:20:38,510 I TALK ABOUT STEP BY STEP THINGS ALL THE TIME. 291 00:20:38,510 --> 00:20:41,380 WE HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN DOING SIMULATIONS AT THE JOHNSON'S 292 00:20:41,380 --> 00:20:46,140 SPACE CENTER, SIMULATION HERE. 293 00:20:46,140 --> 00:20:50,510 WE ALSO SPENT THE LAST THREE YEARS IN THE UNDERWATER 294 00:20:50,510 --> 00:20:52,600 APPROVING GROUND CALLED NEMO. 295 00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:57,470 THAT'S DEDICATED TO ASTEROID RESEARCH, IF YOU WILL. 296 00:20:57,470 --> 00:21:03,020 HOW DO HUMANS ATTACH THEMSELVES TO AN ASTEROID, WHICH WOULD BE 297 00:21:03,020 --> 00:21:04,630 NO GRAVITY OR VERY LITTLE GRAVITY. 298 00:21:04,630 --> 00:21:08,820 WE HAVE BEEN COMING AROUND AND UP UNTIL NOW THE MID 2020'S, 299 00:21:08,820 --> 00:21:13,690 THEY WILL SEND A CREW OUT TO DO SOME OF THE THINGS THAT WE THINK 300 00:21:13,690 --> 00:21:17,340 YOU NEED TO DO WHEN YOU GET OUT TO THE MARTIAL ENVIRONMENT, 301 00:21:17,340 --> 00:21:24,870 WHERE OUR CREWS WILL BE MUCH BETTER PREPARED TO DO THE 302 00:21:24,870 --> 00:21:26,430 OPERATIONS THEY NEED TO DO. 303 00:21:26,430 --> 00:21:29,740 IT'S AN INCREMENTAL STEP BY STEP APPROACH WE USE. 304 00:21:29,740 --> 00:21:34,570 >> DOCTOR GATES, YOU COULD TELL US MORE OF THE TARGET ASTEROID 305 00:21:34,570 --> 00:21:36,799 THAT WE PLAN TO VISIT? 306 00:21:36,799 --> 00:21:38,680 >> SURE, ABSOLUTELY. 307 00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:44,000 THE SCIENCE COMMUNITY REFERENCE OUR TARGET. 308 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:46,480 IT IS 2000 BB 5. 309 00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:50,750 IT'S BELIEVED TO BE ONE OF POTENTIALLY FOUR TYPES. 310 00:21:50,750 --> 00:21:55,660 IT'S ANTICIPATED TO BE POTENTIALLY 20 PERCENT WATER. 311 00:21:55,660 --> 00:22:01,670 IT HAS VOLATILE RICH, AND CONTAINS THE COMPOUNDS FROM 312 00:22:01,670 --> 00:22:04,511 EARLY FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM THAT THE RECORDS THAT IS 313 00:22:04,511 --> 00:22:09,430 ONLY AVAILABLE THROUGH CERTAIN CLASSES OF ASTEROIDS. 314 00:22:09,430 --> 00:22:13,350 THE ASTEROID HAS NEVER BEEN VISITED BEFORE WHICH IS THE 315 00:22:13,350 --> 00:22:15,360 DESIRE OF THE SCIENCE COMMUNITY. 316 00:22:15,360 --> 00:22:19,030 THE RESOURCES COMMUNITY, IN PARTICULAR, FOLKS WHO ARE 317 00:22:19,030 --> 00:22:25,500 INTERESTED IN USING ASTEROIDAL RESOURCES, ARE VERY INTERESTED 318 00:22:25,500 --> 00:22:27,950 IN THE TARGET AS WELL. 319 00:22:27,950 --> 00:22:30,660 AND SO OUR MISSION DESIGN WORK IS ALL BEING DONE AROUND THE 320 00:22:30,660 --> 00:22:31,770 TARGET. 321 00:22:31,770 --> 00:22:37,860 OUR CAPTURE CAPABILITY PROTO TYPING IS DONE WITH THE 322 00:22:37,860 --> 00:22:41,340 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE TARGET. 323 00:22:41,340 --> 00:22:45,580 WE HAVE VERY LENGTHY REPORT FROM THE EXTERNAL COMMUNITY, 324 00:22:45,580 --> 00:22:46,580 ACTUALLY. 325 00:22:46,580 --> 00:22:54,920 RECENTLY OUT IN FEBRUARY OF THIS YEAR, AVAILABLE IN OUR WEBSITE, 326 00:22:54,920 --> 00:22:55,970 WWW.NASA.ED.GOV. 327 00:22:55,970 --> 00:23:03,730 IT IS A FAST REPORT, IN CASE ANYONE IS INTERESTED. 328 00:23:03,730 --> 00:23:07,570 >> I CAN'T BELIEVE I GOT THIS BUT LAST WEEK WE HAD AN 329 00:23:07,570 --> 00:23:10,990 INCREDIBLE MISSION THAT WAS LAUNCHED. 330 00:23:10,990 --> 00:23:15,120 AS I TALK ABOUT THE INCREMENTAL APPROACH THAT WE'RE DOING, A LOT 331 00:23:15,120 --> 00:23:19,320 OF FOLKS WHO ARE HERE AT GODARD BECAUSE THEY WERE THE KEY 332 00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:22,830 MEMBERS OF THE TEAM. 333 00:23:22,830 --> 00:23:26,331 WE LAUNCHED A SATELLITE THAT WILL MAKE A COUPLE OF YEAR 334 00:23:26,331 --> 00:23:31,770 TRANSIT TO ANOTHER ASTEROID THAT IS PRETTY WELL STUDIED. 335 00:23:31,770 --> 00:23:34,500 WHEN IT GETS THERE, WE WILL STUDY THAT ASTEROID FOR ABOUT 336 00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:35,620 TWO YEARS. 337 00:23:35,620 --> 00:23:36,750 WE WILL PICK LANDING SIGHTS. 338 00:23:36,750 --> 00:23:39,360 WE WILL DO A CHARACTERIZATION. 339 00:23:39,360 --> 00:23:42,600 FINALLY, WHEN WE'RE CONFIDENT WHERE WE ARE GOING TO LAND AND 340 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:48,730 HOW TO DO IT, IT'S ACTUALLY GOING TO TAKE ITSELF DOWN TO 341 00:23:48,730 --> 00:23:51,950 VERY CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE SURFACE OF THE NEW AND USE A 342 00:23:51,950 --> 00:23:57,480 LONG ARM THAT WILL GO DOWN, PENETRATE THE SURFACE IN DUST 343 00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:01,800 AND DEBRIS AND†-- WHATEVER YOU WANT TO CALL IT FROM AN ASTEROID 344 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:07,450 TO BE CAPTURED IN A CANNISTER THAT WE WILL THEN BRING BACK TO 345 00:24:07,450 --> 00:24:08,640 EARTH FOR SUBSEQUENT STUDY. 346 00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:12,751 IT WILL GO TO WHAT WE CALL THE LUNAR REPOSITORY TO THE JOHNSON 347 00:24:12,751 --> 00:24:13,850 SPACE CENTER. 348 00:24:13,850 --> 00:24:23,210 WE WILL TAKE REAL SAMPLES AND THAT WILL FEED TO THE ASTEROID 349 00:24:23,210 --> 00:24:24,650 REDIRECT MISSION. 350 00:24:24,650 --> 00:24:27,470 EVERYTHING WE DO IS INCREMENTALLY PLANNED TO SUPPORT 351 00:24:27,470 --> 00:24:28,470 EACH OTHER. 352 00:24:28,470 --> 00:24:29,990 I DIDN'T WANT TO FORGET ABOUT OSARRIS. 353 00:24:29,990 --> 00:24:32,289 >> THING TO WRAP UP. 354 00:24:32,289 --> 00:24:42,830 >> AND I WANT TO LOOK AT THE PROGRESS, INCLUDING THE 355 00:24:42,830 --> 00:24:48,230 SPACECRAFT BOX, ANNOUNCEMENT FOR PARTNERSHIP, THE PROTO TYPING 356 00:24:48,230 --> 00:24:53,330 INFORMATION, AND ALL THE BENEFITS THE MISSION SPOKE OF. 357 00:24:53,330 --> 00:24:57,050 >> I'M JUST HAPPY TO BE HERE, HAVE DR.†HOLDEN HERE. 358 00:24:57,050 --> 00:25:00,480 IT'S NOT EVERY DAY WE GET THE PRESIDENT'S SCIENCE ADVISER TO 359 00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:03,730 COME OUT. 360 00:25:03,730 --> 00:25:05,450 EXCITED ABOUT THE MISSION. 361 00:25:05,450 --> 00:25:08,050 EXCITED ABOUT THE FACT THAT WE ARE GOING TO EXPOSE INDUSTRY TO 362 00:25:08,050 --> 00:25:12,740 IT TODAY AND LET THEM GIVE US SOME INPUT. 363 00:25:12,740 --> 00:25:15,730 >> I WANT TO ADD THE PRESIDENT IS EXCITED ABOUT THE MISSION AS 364 00:25:15,730 --> 00:25:16,730 WELL. 365 00:25:16,730 --> 00:25:20,830 HE SPOKE ABOUT THE ASTEROID MISSION IN 2010, WHEN HE TALKED 366 00:25:20,830 --> 00:25:26,210 ABOUT THE WAY WE WERE BUILDING A SYSTEMATIC VISIONARY APPROACH TO 367 00:25:26,210 --> 00:25:30,060 MOVING DEEPER INTO SPACE AND CONDUCTING A MORE EVOLVING 368 00:25:30,060 --> 00:25:31,440 OPERATION IN SPACE. 369 00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:34,690 AND WE THINK THIS MISSION IS A GREAT EXAMPLE THAT PULLS 370 00:25:34,690 --> 00:25:41,490 TOGETHER SO MANY THREADS WE NEED TO BE DOING ON THE WAY TO MARS. 371 00:25:41,490 --> 00:25:42,490 >> GREAT WELL, THANK YOU ALL. 372 00:25:42,490 --> 00:25:44,190 WE APPRECIATE YOU BEING HERE TODAY. 373 00:25:44,190 --> 00:25:45,890 WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT THE MISSION AS WELL. 374 00:25:45,890 --> 00:25:48,590 IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE ABOUT THE ASTEROID 375 00:25:48,590 --> 00:25:51,740 REDIRECT MISSION, CHECK OUT WWWNASA.GOV/ARM. 376 00:25:51,740 --> 00:25:59,870 IF YOU COULD TUNE TO OUR UPDATE. 377 00:25:59,870 --> 00:26:04,880 IMMEDIATELY AFTER THAT, 4:00 P.M., WE WILL HAVE MORE STAFF TO 378 00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:07,870 TALK ABOUT THE ASTEROID REDIRECT MISSION.